The growth of love of Nature is the most remarkable and interesting general feature of the Romantic Age. No doubt there was a movement in favor of poetry dealing with the nature. In the later period with the eighteenth century, the Pre-Raphaelite poets begun this movement with the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 the new era in English poetry will begin. In the collection of Wordsworth and Coleridge decided to write poetry in simple language and about the natural and supernatural element. Really, it was William Wordsworth who gave to nature a separate life and soul. He is mostly known as a ‘high priest of nature.’ Wordsworth spiritualized nature and made her a moral teacher.
Let’s discuss the contribution of Romantic Poets who have written nature poetry.
Wordsworth:
As we know that Wordsworth was a true lover of nature. Each and every poems of Wordsworth one or other way connected connecte with nature. Nature was the true source of his poetry. His conception of nature is developed as he grows in year. His attitude for nature may be classified in to three parts:
i. The period of blood
ii. The period of scenes
iii. The period if Imagination and Soul
In the first stage poets love for nature is simple like a boy. His love for nature was without any mystical and spiritual touch. W. H. Hudson remarks that – “His love for nature was highly boy’s open love of open airs and freedom of field.” He was attracted by physical beauties of nature. His poems ‘The Rainbow’, ‘To the Cuckoo’, and so on expresses the love of child toward the nature.
In the second stage his love for nature is with the passion which was all physical without any tinge or intellectual or philosophical association. It was the age of sweet sentences. He enchanted by the sound and sight of nature. We find this in his ‘Tintern Abby’.
In the third stage his attitude toward nature change from physical to spiritual. He feels mystical touched him. Now a great mission starts. Now he begins to find in object of nature a soul, a living spirit. In the later years of his life. He interested in inner spirit of nature.
Wordsworth made nature a teacher of man. According to him – “Men is able to communicate with the nature easily.” The reason is keenship between two. In the poem ‘Table Turn’. He tells to the scholar that books are dull, he should leave them and let nature to be teacher. Wordsworth advocated that the nature is the mother of men. He say that, when you are unhappy and lonely go to Mother Nature’s lap. You will be full of company and happiness. The poem ‘Daffodils’ is good example Wordsworth as poet of nature believe that each and every object is connected with nature and it can be subject of his poetry, includes the birds, the rainbow, the flowers, the woods, the solitary reaper and so on.
P. B. Shelly:
Like Wordsworth, Shelly finds joy in nature. His hearts dance with the joy and hear music of skylark. Like Keats was also sensuous to beauty of nature. His picture of nature is colorful. Shelly could love all object of nature. It was with the passion of lover. Infect his love is wider and waster. He loved rocks and caves, furry of storms, thunders, dancing waves and so on
Shelly as a poet of nature, is a different from Wordsworth. Wordsworth loved static, the quiet and the fixed nature. On the other hand Shelly’s attitude was changing and dynamic. He was more interested in her doing then in her form. Words word wrote nature poetry to convey his feeling and ideas. Shelly’s ‘Ode to West Wind’, ‘To the Skylark’, ‘Adonis’ are highly symbolic poems Shelly was also a kin observer of nature. He expresses some philosophical ideas through the nature.
Joan Keats:
Keats treatment of nature is much simpler, more direct and personal than that of Shelly or Wordsworth. He does not spiritualize nature. He also does not go to her to learn the lessons of morality. Infect he goes to nature for his physical and sensuous aspects. He takes childlike delight in her external beauties. He loves her as she is. His ‘Ode To Automan’ expresses the universal sensuousness. Unlike Shelly, Keats love is calm and quite nature. He loves a sleep of nature, silent of nature and so on. To Keats nature was like God and Goddess.
S T Coleridge
Like Wordsworth, Coleridge was Pantheist and in his early poems, we notice the presence of divine spirit with the colour of object of nature. He believed in a spiritual contact between the men and nature and in moral and educative influences of nature in mind. He has kin feeling for the Super-sensual in nature. His picture of nature are coloured by human association. He gets joy in presenting the picture of nature.
Lord Byron:
Byron’s love of nature was intense. His attitude toward nature was little different form Wordsworth, Shelly and Keats. He attitude toward nature was not a country man but of town men. Byron presents both the calm and stormy aspect of nature. He was attracted mostly toward water in nature. His description of Rhone, Rhine and the Ocean are the fine pieces of nature.
Others:
Poets earlier to Wordsworth, like Burns, Cowper, Crabbe and Goldsmith exhibited a fine appreciation for the beauties of nature in external aspect. In the works of Cowper, Crabbe and Gray the treatment of nature is simple chronic and sympathic observation.
Conclusion:
In this way, Wordsworth make nature the teacher of men, Shelly creates the picture of nature, colourful and furious. Keats presents the calm and quite nature. Coleridge find divine in nature. Byron presents both the calm and storm aspect of nature. In short, we can say that nature poetry in Romantic Age is the new era in English poetry.
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